Locale

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## java.util
Class Locale

    java.lang.Object
      java.util.Locale

All Implemented Interfaces:
  Serializable, Cloneable

    public final class Locale

extends Object
implements Cloneable, Serializable

A `Locale` object represents a specific geographical, political, or cultural region. An operation that requires a `Locale` to perform its task is called locale-sensitive and uses the `Locale` to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number is a locale-sensitive operation--the number should be formatted according to the customs/conventions of the user's native country, region, or culture.

Create a `Locale` object using the constructors in this class:

>      Locale(String language)
>      Locale(String language, String country)
>      Locale(String language, String country, String variant)

The language argument is a valid ISO Language Code. These codes are the lower-case, two-letter codes as defined by ISO-639. You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
`http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/related/iso639.txt`

The country argument is a valid ISO Country Code. These codes are the upper-case, two-letter codes as defined by ISO-3166. You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
`http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/diverse/doc/ISO_3166.html`

The variant argument is a vendor or browser-specific code. For example, use WIN for Windows, MAC for Macintosh, and POSIX for POSIX. Where there are two variants, separate them with an underscore, and put the most important one first. For example, a Traditional Spanish collation might construct a locale with parameters for language, country and variant as: "es", "ES", "Traditional_WIN".

Because a `Locale` object is just an identifier for a region, no validity check is performed when you construct a `Locale`. If you want to see whether particular resources are available for the `Locale` you construct, you must query those resources. For example, ask the `NumberFormat` for the locales it supports using its `getAvailableLocales` method.
Note: When you ask for a resource for a particular locale, you get back the best available match, not necessarily precisely what you asked for. For more information, look at `ResourceBundle`.

The `Locale` class provides a number of convenient constants that you can use to create `Locale` objects for commonly used locales. For example, the following creates a `Locale` object for the United States:

>      Locale.US

Once you've created a `Locale` you can query it for information about itself. Use `getCountry` to get the ISO Country Code and `getLanguage` to get the ISO Language Code. You can use `getDisplayCountry` to get the name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly, you can use `getDisplayLanguage` to get the name of the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly, the `getDisplayXXX` methods are themselves locale-sensitive and have two versions: one that uses the default locale and one that uses the locale specified as an argument.

The Java 2 platform provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive operations. For example, the `NumberFormat` class formats numbers, currency, or percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes such as `NumberFormat` have a number of convenience methods for creating a default object of that type. For example, the `NumberFormat` class provides these three convenience methods for creating a default `NumberFormat` object:

>      NumberFormat.getInstance()
>      NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance()
>      NumberFormat.getPercentInstance()

These methods have two variants; one with an explicit locale and one without; the latter using the default locale.

>      NumberFormat.getInstance(myLocale)
>      NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(myLocale)
>      NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(myLocale)

A `Locale` is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object (`NumberFormat`) that you would like to get. The locale is just a mechanism for identifying objects, not a container for the objects themselves.

Each class that performs locale-sensitive operations allows you to get all the available objects of that type. You can sift through these objects by language, country, or variant, and use the display names to present a menu to the user. For example, you can create a menu of all the collation objects suitable for a given language. Such classes must implement these three class methods:

>      public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()
>      public static String getDisplayName(Locale objectLocale,
>                                          Locale displayLocale)
>      public static final String getDisplayName(Locale objectLocale)
>          // getDisplayName will throw MissingResourceException if the locale
>          // is not one of the available locales.

Since:
  1.1
Version:
  1.55, 01/19/00
Author:
  Mark Davis
See Also:
  `ResourceBundle`, `Format`, `NumberFormat`, `Collator`, Serialized Form

Field Summary
`static Locale` | `CANADA` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `CANADA_FRENCH` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `CHINA` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `CHINESE` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `ENGLISH` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `FRANCE` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `FRENCH` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `GERMAN` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `GERMANY` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `ITALIAN` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `ITALY` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `JAPAN` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `JAPANESE` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `KOREA` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `KOREAN` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `PRC` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `TAIWAN` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `TRADITIONAL_CHINESE` Useful constant for language.
`static Locale` | `UK` Useful constant for country.
`static Locale` | `US` Useful constant for country.

Constructor Summary
`Locale(String language)` Construct a locale from a language code.
`Locale(String language, String country)` Construct a locale from language, country.
`Locale(String language, String country, String variant)` Construct a locale from language, country, variant.

Method Summary
`Object` | `clone()` Overrides Cloneable
`boolean` | `equals(Object obj)` Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object.
`static Locale[]` | `getAvailableLocales()` Returns a list of all installed locales.
`String` | `getCountry()` Returns the country/region code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or an upercase ISO 3166 2-letter code.
`static Locale` | `getDefault()` Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
`String` | `getDisplayCountry()` Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.
`String` | `getDisplayCountry(Locale inLocale)` Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.
`String` | `getDisplayLanguage()` Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.
`String` | `getDisplayLanguage(Locale inLocale)` Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.
`String` | `getDisplayName()` Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.
`String` | `getDisplayName(Locale inLocale)` Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.
`String` | `getDisplayVariant()` Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.
`String` | `getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale)` Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.
`String` | `getISO3Country()` Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country.
`String` | `getISO3Language()` Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language.
`static String[]` | `getISOCountries()` Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166.
`static String[]` | `getISOLanguages()` Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes defined in ISO 639.
`String` | `getLanguage()` Returns the language code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or a lowercase ISO 639 code.
`String` | `getVariant()` Returns the variant code for this locale.
`int` | `hashCode()` Override hashCode.
`static void` | `setDefault(Locale newLocale)` Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
`String` | `toString()` Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language, country and variant separated by underbars.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### ENGLISH

    public static final Locale ENGLISH

  Useful constant for language.

### FRENCH

    public static final Locale FRENCH

  Useful constant for language.

### GERMAN

    public static final Locale GERMAN

  Useful constant for language.

### ITALIAN

    public static final Locale ITALIAN

  Useful constant for language.

### JAPANESE

    public static final Locale JAPANESE

  Useful constant for language.

### KOREAN

    public static final Locale KOREAN

  Useful constant for language.

### CHINESE

    public static final Locale CHINESE

  Useful constant for language.

### SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE

    public static final Locale SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE

  Useful constant for language.

### TRADITIONAL_CHINESE

    public static final Locale TRADITIONAL_CHINESE

  Useful constant for language.

### FRANCE

    public static final Locale FRANCE

  Useful constant for country.

### GERMANY

    public static final Locale GERMANY

  Useful constant for country.

### ITALY

    public static final Locale ITALY

  Useful constant for country.

### JAPAN

    public static final Locale JAPAN

  Useful constant for country.

### KOREA

    public static final Locale KOREA

  Useful constant for country.

### CHINA

    public static final Locale CHINA

  Useful constant for country.

### PRC

    public static final Locale PRC

  Useful constant for country.

### TAIWAN

    public static final Locale TAIWAN

  Useful constant for country.

### UK

    public static final Locale UK

  Useful constant for country.

### US

    public static final Locale US

  Useful constant for country.

### CANADA

    public static final Locale CANADA

  Useful constant for country.

### CANADA_FRENCH

    public static final Locale CANADA_FRENCH

  Useful constant for country.

Constructor Detail

### Locale

    public Locale(String language,
                  String country,
                  String variant)

  Construct a locale from language, country, variant. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.

  Parameters:
    `language` - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
    `country` - uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.
    `variant` - vendor and browser specific code. See class description.
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - thrown if any argument is null.

### Locale

    public Locale(String language,
                  String country)

  Construct a locale from language, country. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.

  Parameters:
    `language` - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
    `country` - uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - thrown if either argument is null.

### Locale

    public Locale(String language)

  Construct a locale from a language code. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.

  Parameters:
    `language` - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - thrown if argument is null.
  Since:
    1.4

Method Detail

### getDefault

    public static Locale getDefault()

  Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

  The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified. It can be changed using the `setDefault` method.

  Returns:
    the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine

### setDefault

    public static void setDefault(Locale newLocale)

  Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine. This does not affect the host locale.

  If there is a security manager, its `checkPermission` method is called with a `PropertyPermission("user.language", "write")` permission before the default locale is changed.

  The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified.

  Since changing the default locale may affect many different areas of functionality, this method should only be used if the caller is prepared to reinitialize locale-sensitive code running within the same Java Virtual Machine, such as the user interface.

  Parameters:
    `newLocale` - the new default locale
  Throws:
    `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkPermission` method doesn't allow the operation.
    `NullPointerException` - if `newLocale` is null
  See Also:
    `SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)`, `PropertyPermission`

### getAvailableLocales

    public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()

  Returns a list of all installed locales.

### getISOCountries

    public static String[] getISOCountries()

  Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166. Can be used to create Locales.

### getISOLanguages

    public static String[] getISOLanguages()

  Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes defined in ISO 639. Can be used to create Locales. [NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard-- some languages' codes have changed. The list this function returns includes both the new and the old codes for the languages whose codes have changed.]

### getLanguage

    public String getLanguage()

  Returns the language code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or a lowercase ISO 639 code.

  NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard-- some languages' codes have changed. Locale's constructor recognizes both the new and the old codes for the languages whose codes have changed, but this function always returns the old code. If you want to check for a specific language whose code has changed, don't do

       if (locale.getLanguage().equals("he")
          ...

  Instead, do

       if (locale.getLanguage().equals(new Locale("he", "", "").getLanguage())
          ...

  See Also:
    `getDisplayLanguage()`

### getCountry

    public String getCountry()

  Returns the country/region code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or an upercase ISO 3166 2-letter code.

  See Also:
    `getDisplayCountry()`

### getVariant

    public String getVariant()

  Returns the variant code for this locale.

  See Also:
    `getDisplayVariant()`

### toString

    public final String toString()

  Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language, country and variant separated by underbars. Language is always lower case, and country is always upper case. If the language is missing, the string will begin with an underbar. If both the language and country fields are missing, this function will return the empty string, even if the variant field is filled in (you can't have a locale with just a variant-- the variant must accompany a valid language or country code). Examples: "en", "de_DE", "_GB", "en_US_WIN", "de__POSIX", "fr__MAC"

  Overrides:
    `toString` in class `Object`
  Returns:
    a string representation of the object.
  See Also:
    `getDisplayName()`

### getISO3Language

    public String getISO3Language()
                           throws MissingResourceException

  Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this will be the empty string. Otherwise, this will be a lowercase ISO 639-2/T language code. The ISO 639-2 language codes can be found on-line at `ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/iso-639-2.txt`

  Throws:
    `MissingResourceException` - Throws MissingResourceException if the three-letter language abbreviation is not available for this locale.

### getISO3Country

    public String getISO3Country()
                          throws MissingResourceException

  Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this will be tbe the empty string. Otherwise, this will be an uppercase ISO 3166 3-letter country code.

  Throws:
    `MissingResourceException` - Throws MissingResourceException if the three-letter country abbreviation is not available for this locale.

### getDisplayLanguage

    public final String getDisplayLanguage()

  Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default locale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the name returned cannot be localized for the default locale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian), this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.

### getDisplayLanguage

    public String getDisplayLanguage(Locale inLocale)

  Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized according to inLocale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the name returned cannot be localized according to inLocale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian), this function falls back on the default locale, on the English name, and finally on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.

### getDisplayCountry

    public final String getDisplayCountry()

  Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default locale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "Etats-Unis". If the name returned cannot be localized for the default locale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia), this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.

### getDisplayCountry

    public String getDisplayCountry(Locale inLocale)

  Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized according to inLocale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "Etats-Unis". If the name returned cannot be localized according to inLocale. (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia), this function falls back on the default locale, on the English name, and finally on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.

### getDisplayVariant

    public final String getDisplayVariant()

  Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for the default locale. If the locale doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.

### getDisplayVariant

    public String getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale)

  Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for inLocale. If the locale doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.

### getDisplayName

    public final String getDisplayName()

  Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have one of the following forms:

  > language (country, variant)

  > language (country)

  > language (variant)

  > country (variant)

  > language

  > country

  > variant

  depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country, and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.

### getDisplayName

    public String getDisplayName(Locale inLocale)

  Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have one of the following forms:

  > language (country, variant)

  > language (country)

  > language (variant)

  > country (variant)

  > language

  > country

  > variant

  depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country, and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.

### clone

    public Object clone()

  Overrides Cloneable

  Returns:
    a clone of this instance.
  See Also:
    `Cloneable`

### hashCode

    public int hashCode()

  Override hashCode. Since Locales are often used in hashtables, caches the value for speed.

  Overrides:
    `hashCode` in class `Object`
  Returns:
    a hash code value for this object.
  See Also:
    `Object.equals(java.lang.Object)`, `Hashtable`

### equals

    public boolean equals(Object obj)

  Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object. A Locale is deemed equal to another Locale with identical language, country, and variant, and unequal to all other objects.

  Overrides:
    `equals` in class `Object`
  Parameters:
    `obj` - the reference object with which to compare.
  Returns:
    true if this Locale is equal to the specified object.
  See Also:
    `Object.hashCode()`, `Hashtable`

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