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Studying new media and their effects also happened long time ago.
Mass media:
Mass media:
- Book, Journal(Magazine), Newspaper, Telegraph, Telephone, Radio, Television, the Internet, etc. . . .
- When was Telegraph invented?
- What about Telephone?
- Radio, Television?
As you may see in the history of mass media section. There was a consensual atmosphere about the powerful effects of mass media. This was backed up with the studies from the psychology, a newly emerging academic discipline. By the time, that people blindly witnessed the effect of mass media, psychological studies was also rapidly developing. Specifically, around the time, behaviorism was a big issue. For example,
- 1863 - Ivan Sechenov's Reflexes of the Brain was published. Sechenov introduced the concept of inhibitory responses in the central nervous system.
- 1900 - Ivan Pavlov began studying the salivary response and other reflexes.
- 1913 - John Watson's Psychology as a Behaviorist Views It was published. The article outlined the many of the main points of behaviorism.
- 1920 - Watson and assistant Rosalie Rayner conducted the famous Little Albert experiment.
- 1943 - Clark Hull's Principles of Behavior was published.
- 1948 - B.F. Skinner published Walden II in which he described a utopian society founded upon behaviorist principles.
- 1959 - Noam Chomsky published his criticism of Skinner's behaviorism, "Review of Verbal Behavior."
- 1971 - B.F. Skinner published his book Beyond Freedom and Dignity, where he argues that free will is an illusion.
