Difference between r1.23 and the current
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* When was Telegraph invented?
* What about Telephone?
* Radio, Television?
== History of Mass Media ==
1832 :: [[Attachment(MorseMachine.png,align=left,height=172)]] [[Attachment(MorseCode.png,align=left,height=172)]] [[HTML(<font color='red'>)]]Saumuel Morse: telegraphic code [[HTML(</font>)]]
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1876 :: [[Attachment(Alexander_Graham_Bell.jpg,align=right,height=152)]] [[HTML(<font color='red'>)]]Alexander Graham Bell, Transmits sound. . . .
>> "Mr. Watson, . . . Come here . . . I want to see you."
The beginning of '''telephone'''
Party Line Phone: A teleophone line was installed as a whole (in the community); then receivers were installed in each home, which means that any one would hear any conversations just by picking up his/her receiver. There was no private conversation. Whose call it was distinguished by right-tone. Also, in order to make a phone call, people need to '''place the call''' to the operator. [[HTML(</font>)]]
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1881 :: World Expo in Paris
[[HTML(<font color='red'>)]]Theatrophone: Telephone technology was initially developed as a medium for music. Hence, Theatre + Telephone. France initiated it at the World Expo in Paris. It was a revolutionary attempt to commercialize the technology. The only problem was telephone line had to be extended. [[HTML(</font>)]]
1885 :: [[HTML(<font color='red'>)]]AT&T [[HTML(</font>)]]
1890 :: [[Attachment(TelephoneOperator03.jpg,align=left,height=172)]] [[Attachment(TelephoneOperator_1952_07.jpg,align=left,height=172)]] [[HTML(<font color='red'>)]]The job, Operator . . . : "Number Please" [[HTML(</font>)]]
[[Youtube(A2iS8XctJKo)]] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2iS8XctJKo
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[[Attachment(Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg.jpg,align=left,height=172)]] Gulielmo Marconi invented wireless telegraph system.
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1891 :: Marconi, acquired GB patent.
1892 :: Marconi, acquired US patent.
1906 :: [[Attachment(deforest-audion.jpg,align=left,height=172)]] Technology of sound amplification (What we are calling ''amp'') invented. A product, [http://www.cedmagic.com/history/deforest-audion.html AUDION] was developed and sold.
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[[Attachment(DeForestLee.jpg,align=left,height=172)]] by [WikiPedia:Lee_De_Forest De Forest Lee]
No regularly, non-regulated broadcastings were everywhere.
Voices for minority also started. (Female suffrage; voting right)
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1912 :: [[Attachment(DavidSarnoff_1922.jpg,align=left,height=172)]] Sink of Titanic and David Sarnoff
D. Sarnoff, an immigrant from Rusia;
He works as operator at Marconi Telegraph in New York;
He was the first person who caught the SOS signal from the Titanic
He works on delivering information from the Titanic to the public (including the newspaper, families, etc.) for 72 straight hours;
Relayed SOS signal to other boats.
Sent information to the public newspapers.
Taft, the President of the US placed an national order to shut down other wireless telegraph attempts just not to interfere the signal.
It was known that about 800 were saved.
Sarnoff became hero of the US.
He was 21. Latter, he takes an important role in RCA company by Marconi.
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[[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]Zworykin, Vladimir U.S., began to experiment on television technology at RCA [[HTML(</font>)]]
1920s :: '''Radio!!! blossom'''
1920 :: Pitzburgh KDKA, US began radio broadcasting
1922 :: GB, France in 1922 began radio broadcasting.
[[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]Farmsworth also experiment on television technology in CA
Acquired patent that year (All electronic television).
In 30s He earned two more patents. [[HTML(</font>)]]
1923 :: German began radio broadcasting.
__The radio backfires. . . . Disastrous radio effects were shown.__
Dr. Brinkley, a physician sold rejuvenating medicine.
Someone tried to sell hankerchiefs -- signed by Jesus
[[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]Zworkin 특허 (Iconoscope tube)[[HTML(</font>)]]
1925 :: Sarnoff proposed an idea of building '''radio broadcasting company'''
Previously, radion broadcasting was a sort of gimmick for selling radio box.
Sarnoff proposed an idea of making profit by selling advertisement.
. . . . ''The wireless message box [radio] has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?''
Japan began radio broadcasting
1926 :: NBC (National Broadcasting Corporation) started
* AT&T started BCA (Broadcasting Corporation of America). BCA began a radio network by monopolizing telephone line. (Monopoly . . . AT&T had both telephone technology and telephone network).
* The government forced AT&T to sell out BCA.
* AT&T attempts to control radio companies by controlling telephone line lease
* GE | Westinghouse | RCA invest together and start NBC
Korera began radio broadcast
1927 :: CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) began
''Broadcasting to the mass'' should be permitted by the government.
1928 :: War between newspaper vs. radio (News)
* News source = newspaper | Radio reads it
* law suits; and Radio defeated.
* radio news began to . . . . .
1929 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]Zworykin patent (Kinescopy tube)[[HTML(</font>)]]
1930s :: Radio: [[Attachment(Radio_FamilyMedium.png,align=left,height=172)]] became an official family medium.
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1938 :: [[Attachment(Orson_Welles_1937.jpg,align=left,height=172)]] CBS Mercury Theatre on the Air [wiki:ResearchMethodsLectureNote#s-2.2.1 총알이론 참조]
이어서 [Orson Welles] public hearing
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1939 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]Television appears at the World Expo [[HTML(</font>)]]
1941 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]The first [NTSC] specification proposed (the second = 1953) [[HTML(</font>)]]
* 1950년대: Video Killed the Radio Star.
* Refer to RCA advertisement
http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=KR&hl=ko&v=vBZ3fvZFDBQ
* Falling radio technology; began to suffer for survival
|| [[Attachment(RCA_Commercial.png,width=290)]] || [[Youtube(vBZ3fvZFDBQ)]] ||
1953 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]The second NTSC specification proposed [[HTML(</font>)]]
1956 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]RCA went to Korea, KORCAD. gone within a year[[HTML(</font>)]]
1961 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]KBS[[HTML(</font>)]]
1964 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]TBC[[HTML(</font>)]]
1969 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]MBC[[HTML(</font>)]]
1980 :: [[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]]TBC -> KBS2[[HTML(</font>)]]
1984 :: [[HTML(<font color='red'>)]]AT&T Department of Justice ordered to disect AT&T into 8 pieces. [[HTML(</font>)]]
방송 :: 방송(라디오/텔레비전의 강력한 영향력에 대한 우려가 지배적이었음)
방송의 효과에 대한 연구는 수 없이 많았어도 전화, 전파 사용의 효과에 관한 연구는 거의 없었던 이유도 여기에 있음
라디오에 비해서 텔레비전의 성장속도는 기하급수적으로 빨랐는데, 그 이유는 라디오의 비지니스모델을 그대로 차용하였으며, 무엇보다도 라디오의 방송권을 획득한 회사가 텔레비전 전파사용 허가도 받았기 때문.
통신 :: 단순한 상업활동의 장으로 평가되었고 그렇게 진행되었음
--> Include(HistoryOfMassMedia) or See [History of Mass Media]
[[HTML(<font color='blue'>)]] [[HTML(</font>)]]
As you may see in the [history of mass media] section. There was a consensual atmosphere about the powerful effects of mass media. This was backed up with the studies from the psychology, a newly emerging academic discipline. By the time, that people blindly witnessed the effect of mass media, psychological studies was also rapidly developing. Specifically, around the time, behaviorism was a big issue. For example,
* 1863 - Ivan Sechenov's Reflexes of the Brain was published. Sechenov introduced the concept of inhibitory responses in the central nervous system.
* 1900 - Ivan '''Pavlov''' began studying the salivary response and other reflexes.
* 1913 - '''John Watson's Psychology as a Behaviorist Views''' It was published. The article outlined the many of the main points of behaviorism.
* 1920 - Watson and assistant Rosalie Rayner conducted the famous '''[Little Albert experiment]'''.
* 1943 - Clark Hull's Principles of Behavior was published.
* 1948 - B.F. Skinner published Walden II in which he described a utopian society founded upon behaviorist principles.
* 1959 - Noam Chomsky published his criticism of Skinner's behaviorism, "Review of Verbal Behavior."
* 1971 - B.F. Skinner published his book Beyond Freedom and Dignity, where he argues that free will is an illusion.
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